Analysis of the related risk factors of inguinal lymph node metastasis in patients with penile cancer: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine independent predictors of inguinal lymph node (ILN) metastasis in patients with penile cancer. Patients and methods: We retrospectively analyzed all patients with penile cancer who underwent surgery at our medical center in the last ten years (n=157). Using univariate and multivariate logistic-regression models, we assessed associations with age, medical-history, phimosis, onset-time, number and maximum diameter of involved ILNs measured by imaging, pathological T stage, degree of tumor differentiation and/or cornification, lymphatic vascular infiltration (LVI), nerve infiltration, and ILN metastases. Interaction and stratified analyses were used to assess age, phimosis, onset time, number of ILNs, cornification, and nerve infiltration. Results: A total of 110 patients were included in the study. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were significantly correlated with ILN metastasis: maximum diameter of enlarged ILNs, T stage, pathological differentiation, and LVI. Among patients with a maximum ILN diameter ≥1.5cm, 50% had lymph node metastasis whereas 30.6% patients with a maximum ILN diameter <1.5cm showed LNM. Among 44 patients with stage Ta/T1, 10 showed ILN metastases, while 47.0% patients with stage T2 showed ILN metastases. Among 40 patients with highly differentiated penile-cancer, eight showed ILN metastasis, while 47.1% patients with low-to-middle differentiation showed ILN metastases. The rate of LNM was 33.3% in the LVI-free group and 64.3% in the LVI group. Conclusion: Our single-center results suggested that maximum ILN diameter, pathological T stage, pathological differentiation, and LVI were independent risk factors for ILN metastases.

The application of driver stress inventory in Chinese drivers and its reliability and validity test / 中华预防医学杂志

To explore and revise the factor structure, reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Driver Stress Inventory (DSI) in the driver population in first-tier city of China. In this study, the questionnaire method was used to select the data collected by the "Research on the Driving Stress of Urban Salaries in Urban Traffic" carried out by the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2012, and a third-party survey agency was commissioned to select 300 people in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou respectively. A total of 900 drivers (with 889 valid data scales) were used to test their driving stress and other indicators by using the DSI and the self-compiled travel and stress relief scale. The test content collects driver self-reported stress data from five dimensions: Aggression, Dislike of driving, Hazard-Monitoring, Fatigue Proneness and Thrill-seeking. The DSI questionnaire of 445 cardinal numbers was revised by item analysis methods such as correlation test and T-test, and exploratory factor analysis method based on principal component analysis and optimal skew axis method (Promax).The results of item analysis showed that the total correlation coefficient of 10 items of the 48 items of the original DSI scale was lower than 0.3, and the total correlation coefficient of 6 items was not significant (r=-0.078-0.079, P>0.05), and the high and low groups were independent. There were significant differences in the results of the sample t test (t=-16.642-0.091, P<0.001), the 16 items were deleted, and the remaining 32 items; exploratory factor analysis showed that KMO=0.938>0.900, and the Bartlett's sphericity test result was significant (χ²=6 361.974, df=496, P<0.001), suitable for exploratory factor analysis, the results showed that 2 items constituted independent factors, did not meet the relevant standards of psychometrics and were deleted, and finally retained 30 items, and the internal consistency coefficient of the new scale was better than the original one(α=0.932>0.877); Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, the model fitting indexes of 444 even-numbered samples such as RMSEA, SRMR, CFI and TLI were verified by confirmatory factor analysis, and the results showed that the index of each index was good (χ²=1 250.447, RMSEA=0.070, SRMR=0.068, CFI=0.839, TLI=0.823); criterion validity analysis found that each factor of the revised scale was significantly correlated with situational anxiety (r=0.190-0.556, P<0.01). In conclusion, the DSI (Chinese version) has good reliability and validity, and can be used as an assessment tool for driver stress in China.

Clinical efficacy of combined therapy in children with stage 4 neuroblastoma / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the early clinical efficacy of combined therapy of stage 4 neuroblastoma.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data and follow-up data of 14 children with stage 4 neuroblastoma who were diagnosed in Hong Kong University-Shenzhen Hospital from January 2016 to June 2021.@*RESULTS@#The median age of onset was 3 years and 7.5 months in these 14 children. Among these children, 9 had positive results of bone marrow biopsy, 4 had N-Myc gene amplification, 13 had an increase in neuron-specific enolase, and 7 had an increase in vanilmandelic acid in urine. Based on the results of pathological examination, differentiated type was observed in 6 children, undifferentiated type in one child, mixed type, in one child and poorly differentiated type in 6 children. Of all the children, 10 received chemotherapy with the N7 regimen (including 2 children receiving arsenic trioxide in addition) and 4 received chemotherapy with the Rapid COJEC regimen. Thirteen children underwent surgery, 14 received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and 10 received radiotherapy. A total of 8 children received Ch14.18/CHO immunotherapy, among whom 1 child discontinued due to anaphylactic shock during immunotherapy, and the other 7 children completed Ch14.18/CHO treatment without serious adverse events, among whom 1 child was treated with Lu177 Dotatate 3 times after recurrence and is still undergoing chemotherapy at present. The median follow-up time was 45 months for all the 14 children. Four children experienced recurrence within 2 years, and the 2-year overall survival rate was 100%; 4 children experienced recurrence within 3 years, and 7 achieved disease-free survival within 3 years.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Multidisciplinary combined therapy is recommended for children with stage 4 neuroblastoma and can help them achieve better survival and prognosis.

Analysis of the Genome Sequence of Strain GiC-126 of Gloeostereum incarnatum with Genetic Linkage Map

Gloeostereum incarnatum has edible and medicinal value and was first cultivated and domesticated in China. We sequenced the G. incarnatum monokaryotic strain GiC-126 on an Illumina HiSeq X Ten system and obtained a 34.52-Mb genome assembly sequence that encoded 16,895 predicted genes. We combined the GiC-126 genome with the published genome of G. incarnatum strain CCMJ2665 to construct a genetic linkage map (GiC-126 genome) that had 10 linkage groups (LGs), and the 15 assembly sequences of CCMJ2665 were integrated into 8 LGs. We identified 1912 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and detected 700 genes containing 768 SSRs in the genome; 65 and 100 of them were annotated with gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways, respectively. Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were identified in 20 fungal genomes and annotated; among them, 144 CAZymes were annotated in the GiC-126 genome. The A mating-type locus (MAT-A) of G. incarnatum was located on scaffold885 at 38.9 cM of LG1 and was flanked by two homeodomain (HD1) genes, mip and beta-fg. Fourteen segregation distortion markers were detected in the genetic linkage map, all of which were skewed toward the parent GiC-126. They formed three segregation distortion regions (SDR1–SDR3), and 22 predictive genes were found in scaffold1920 where three segregation distortion markers were located in SDR1. In this study, we corrected and updated the genomic information of G. incarnatum. Our results will provide a theoretical basis for fine gene mapping, functional gene cloning, and genetic breeding the follow-up of G. incarnatum.

Reform of operating mechanism of the centers for disease control and prevention / 预防医学

Objective @#To explore the reform of the operating mechanism of centers for disease control and prevention ( CDCs ) in the new era, and to put forward recommendations. @*Methods @#We collected the financial investment and staffing of CDCs in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2020 through China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and Zhejiang Health Statistical Yearbook. We conducted a questionnaire survey among 620 staffs selected by convenience sampling, and a qualitative interview among 40 leaders and experts from CDCs and general hospitals in Zhejiang Province. @*Results @#By the year 2020, there were 105 CDCs in Zhejiang Province, including 1 province-level, 11 prefecture-level, 90 county-level and 3 development zone-level ones. The revenues were mainly from financial subsidy and business incomes, which were over expenditures. There were 7 008 posts in CDCs, with a staffing allocation ratio of 1.29/10 000. Among the reform measures of operation mechanism of CDCs, the flexible communication between clinicians and public health doctors was highly approved (90.03%); among the reform measures of enhancing the integration of prevention and treatment, further clarifying the public health functions of hospitals and ensuring financial compensation was highly approved (74.01%).@*Conclusion @#We should further stimulate the endogenous power and vitality of CDCs, strengthen the construction of talent team, promote the active integration of hospitals and CDCs, and improve public health level.

Analysis of the Genome Sequence of Strain GiC-126 of Gloeostereum incarnatum with Genetic Linkage Map

Gloeostereum incarnatum has edible and medicinal value and was first cultivated and domesticated in China. We sequenced the G. incarnatum monokaryotic strain GiC-126 on an Illumina HiSeq X Ten system and obtained a 34.52-Mb genome assembly sequence that encoded 16,895 predicted genes. We combined the GiC-126 genome with the published genome of G. incarnatum strain CCMJ2665 to construct a genetic linkage map (GiC-126 genome) that had 10 linkage groups (LGs), and the 15 assembly sequences of CCMJ2665 were integrated into 8 LGs. We identified 1912 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and detected 700 genes containing 768 SSRs in the genome; 65 and 100 of them were annotated with gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways, respectively. Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were identified in 20 fungal genomes and annotated; among them, 144 CAZymes were annotated in the GiC-126 genome. The A mating-type locus (MAT-A) of G. incarnatum was located on scaffold885 at 38.9 cM of LG1 and was flanked by two homeodomain (HD1) genes, mip and beta-fg. Fourteen segregation distortion markers were detected in the genetic linkage map, all of which were skewed toward the parent GiC-126. They formed three segregation distortion regions (SDR1–SDR3), and 22 predictive genes were found in scaffold1920 where three segregation distortion markers were located in SDR1. In this study, we corrected and updated the genomic information of G. incarnatum. Our results will provide a theoretical basis for fine gene mapping, functional gene cloning, and genetic breeding the follow-up of G. incarnatum.

Vesselplasty for the treatment of spinal metastases complicated by posterior wall destruction of vertebral body / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the early clinical efficacy and safety of vesselplasty for the treatment of spinal metastases complicated by posterior wall destruction of vertebral body.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 19 patients(21 segments) with spinal metastases complicated by posterior wall destruction of vertebral body treated from January 2016 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 15 males and 4 females, aged 40 to 85 years old with a mean of (66.00±10.25) years . All patients had severe low back pain before the operation, which were diagnosed by CT as damage-type metastatic tumor of the vertebral posterior wall. All patients were treated by vesselplasty technique. Nineteen vertebrae received percutaneous unilateral pedicle puncture and two vertebrae received percutaneous bilateral pedicle puncture. VAS, ODI were recorded before operation, 1 d and 3 d after operation respectively. X-ray and CT scan were used to observe bone cement leakage and complications.@*RESULTS@#All the operations were successful and postoperative pain was significantly relieved. Postoperative VAS score and ODI of the two groups were significantly improved (<0.05). A small amount of bone cement leakage occurred in one vertebral body, which was a vertebral venous plexus leakage, but no clinical symptoms after operation.@*CONCLUSION@#Vesselplasty for the treatment of spinal metastases complicated by posterior wall destruction of vertebral body can significantly reduce the symptoms of thoracolumbar back pain, improve the quality of life, reduce the incidence of bone cement leakage, and has high clinical efficacy and safety.

Advance in Trunk Control Measurement Scale for Patients with Cerebral Palsy (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Complex physical activity is a prerequisite for the completion of advanced sports skills, while trunk control is a prerequisite for complex physical activity. Cerebral palsy is often characterized by poor trunk control and poor balance response. An accurate measurement for trunk control function of patients is of great guiding significance for clinical treatment. Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS) is applied to children with neuromotor dysfunction aged five years and above. TCMS has high reliability and validity, and high test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability in evaluating spastic cerebral palsy, and it is a reliable, effective and appropriate measurement tool in evaluating the trunk control ability. It can combine with other functional scales to provide more valuable information for the function of patients with cerebral palsy because of its high correlation with other types of scales.

Effect of dietary intervention on newly-enrolled preschoolers / 预防医学

Objective To evaluate the intervention effect of dietary interventions in newly-admitted children in kindergartens and nurseries. Methods Newly-admitted children from 6 kindergartens and nurseries were randomly divided into intervention group and control group, and prospective controlled trials were conducted. The intervention group took a one-year comprehensive intervention measures, and the control group took conventional interventions, evaluation of the intervention effect. Results Before intervention, the parents of children had the highest content of protein in plant foods, which are the main nutrients in cereals, and the awareness rate was 62.08％ and 63.34％ respectively. About 74.05％ of the children need help when eating and 67.54％ of the children always skip breakfast. Generalized estimation equation analysis showed that after intervention, the awareness rate of various parents 'nutritional knowledge increased (P<0.05), and the increase rate of parents' awareness in the intervention group was greater than that of the control group (P<0.05) . After the intervention, the positive rate of various unhealthy eating habits among children decreased (P<0.05), and the positive rate of multiple unhealthy eating habits in the intervention group was greater than that of the control group (P<0.05) . Conclusion The family-school-children comprehensive intervention can effectively improve patient's awareness of nutritional knowledge and reduce the occurrence of unhealthy dietary behaviors of children in private nurseries.

Uniportal complete video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery of 133 patients / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To explore the learning curve and evaluate the safety of uniportal complete video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy. Methods    We reviewed retrospectively the clinical data of 133 patients, who underwent uniportal VATS between March 2015 and October 2016 in Sichuan Provincial Cancer Hospital. There were 79 males and 54 females at age of 52.21±10.77 years. Results    All the 127 patients completed uniportal VATS, 4.51% (6/133) converted to open surgery. There were 78 patients with lobectomy, 6 patients with segmentectomy, 37 patients with wedge resection, 6 patients with pleural, mediastinal lymph node biopsy or mediastinal tumor resection. In the lobectomy group, mean surgical time was 148.75±34.12 min, mean blood loss was 118.87±59.96 ml, mean number of lymph nodes was 11.25±6.15, the mean duration of chest-tube placement was 2.17±1.35 days, and mean length of stay was 7.58±2.59 days. Conclusion    Based on skillful performance of the conventional thoracoscopic lobectomy, the learning curve for single port thoracoscopic lobectomy comprises at least 20 patients. The uniportal VATS lobectomy is a safe and operable method of minimally invasive technique, and it is worthy to be applied in thoracic surgery.

Uniportal versus multiportal video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy under the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery: A case control study / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To compare the effect of uniportal and multiportal thoracoscopic lobectomy, and to explore the advantages and applications of uniportal thoracoscopic lobectomy in enhanced recovery after surgery. Methods     Totally 169 patients with video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy in Department of Thoracic Surgery of Sichuan Cancer Hospital from January to December 2016 were enrolled. There were 99 males and 70 females with age of 60.83±7.24 years. Patients were divided into two groups: a uniportal group (78 patients) and a multiportal group (91 patients) . Patients’ clinical and pathological materials were collected. Postoperative pain, complications and hospital stay, etc of the two groups were compared. Results     All patients were successfully discharged without serious postoperative complication or death. Patients in the multiportal group had smaller surgical incisions than that in the uniportal group (3.12±0.73 cm vs. 6.38±1.50 cm, P=0.016). Pain scores at postoperative 24 and 48 hours of the uniportal group were less than those of multiportal group (4.18±1.67 vs. 6.54±1.83, 3.05±1.47 vs. 4.68±1.64, P<0.05). Operation data, postoperative complications and hospital stay were similar in both groups. Conclusion     Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy makes smaller incisions and can further reduce postoperative pain and dosage of morphine. The operation is safe and worthy of wide application in enhanced recovery after surgery.

Correlation of Enhancement Degree on Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound with Histopathology of Carotid Plaques and Serum High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study was undertaken to investigate the correlation of the enhancement degree on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with the histopathology of carotid plaques and the serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA).Carotid CEUS was performed preoperatively in 115 patients who would undergo CEA,and the enhancement degree of the carotid plaques was evaluated by both the visual semiquantitative analysis and the quantitative time-intensity curve analysis.Serum hs-CRP levels were detected using the particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay also before the operation.Additionally,the carotid plaque samples were subjected to histopathological examination postoperatively.The density of neovessels and the number of macrophages in the plaques were assessed by immunohistochemistry.The results showed that among the 115 patients,grade 0 plaque contrast enhancement was noted in 35 patients,grade 1 in 48 patients and grade 2 in 32 patients.The degree of plaque enhancement,the density ofneovessels,the number of macrophages,and the hs-CRP levels were highest in the grade 2 patients.Correlation analysis showed that the enhancement degree of the carotid plaques was closely related to the immunohistochemical parameters of the plaques and the serum hs-CRP levels.It was suggested that the carotid plaque enhancement on CEUS can be used to evaluate the vulnerability of carotid plaques.

Anti-aging effect of simvastatin on retinas of rats and its potential mechanisms / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM: To investigate the anti - aging effect and its potential mechanisms of simvastatin on retinas of physiological aging rats.·METHODS:Totally 40 three-month old healthy SD rats which had no eye diseases, were randomly assigned into two groups: simvastatin group ( n = 20 ) and control group ( n=20 ) . All rats were cultivated under the same conditions until they were nine - month old when interventions started to be given. Simvastatin group was given intragastric administration of 5mg/kg simvastatin every day until 17-month old. Control group was given intragastric administration of same amount of saline gavage. Retinal thickness was measured by HE staining, while Cu - Zn - SOD, NOX2, Bcl - 2 and Bax were determined by immunohistochemistry ( IHC) .·RESULTS:HE staining showed that the retinal structure was clearer; the morphology of cell was more homogeneous;the number of cells was more stable and the structure of retinal pigment epithelium was more compact when compared with control group. Thickness of retinal neuroepithelium layer and retinal pigment epithelium increased significantly in the simvastatin group. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the expressions of Cu - Zn - SOD and Bax statistically increased while the NOX2, Bcl-2 as well as Bcl-2/Bax decreased in simvastatin group when compared with control group (P<0. 05).·CONCLUSION: Simvastatin plays a protective role in retinal aging by decreasing oxidative stress reaction and promoting cell apoptosis.

Down-regulation of forkhead box protein M1 by siomycin A can inhibit the malignant behaviors of laryngeal carcinoma cells / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the effect of siomycin A-induced forkhead box protein M1(FoxM1) down-regulation on the malignant behaviors (proliferation, apoptosis, and invasive ability) of laryngeal carcinoma cells. Methods The experiment was performed with Hep-2cells of the logarithmic growth phase. The experimental groups were treated with different doses of siomycin A, and the control group was treated without siomycin A CCK-8 test was used to detect the viability of Hep-2 cells after treatment for 24, 48, and 72 h. CFSE staining was used to examine the proliferation ability of Hep-2 cells after treatment for 24 and 48 h. Annexin V_FITC/PI dual staining was used to observe the siomycin A-induced apoptosis and Transwell test was used to examine the invasion ability of Hep-2 cells after treatment for 48 h. The expressions of FoxM1, Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3 protein inHep-2 cells were detected by Western blotting analysis. The supernatant levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9were examined by ELISA assay. Results (1) Treatment with siomycin A significantly decreased the expression of FoxM1 protein compared with the control group (P<0. 05). CCK-8 test found that siomycin A of different concentrations suppressed the viability of Hep-2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. (2) Siomycin A at 1. 3 and 1. 5 µmol/L significantly suppressed the proliferation of Hep-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0. 05), accompanied by down-regulated expression of Ki-67. (3) Siomycin A at 1. 3 and 1. 5 µmol/L also induced greater apoptosis of Hep-2 cells (10. 6%, 27. 9%) in a dose-dependent manner compared with control group (4. 91%, P<0. 05), accompanied by up-regulated cleaved caspase-3 expression. (4) Siomycin A at 1.3 and 1. 5 µmol/L suppressed the invasive ability of Hep-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner compared with control group (P < 0. 05), accompanied by down-regulated expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Conclusion Down-regulation of FoxM1 by siomycin A can inhibit the proliferation and invasive ability of laryngeal carcinoma cells.

Expression of FoxMl and COX-2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and the related clinical significance / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the expression of forkhead box Ml (FoxMl) transcription factor and cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX-2) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues, and to discuss the related clinicopathological implications. Methods Immunohistochemistry method wasused to examine the expression of FoxM1 and COX-2 in80 NPC tissues and 40 normal nasopharyngeal mucosa tissues. The relationship of FoxM1and COX-2expression with the clinicopathological parameters of NPC was analyzed; we also analyzed the correlation between the FoxM1 and COX-2 expression. Results FoxM1 and COX-2 expressions were significantly higher in NPC tissues compared to normal nasopharyngeal mucosa tissues (FoxM1: 68. 8% [55/ 80] vs 2. 5% [1/40]; COX-2: 62. 5% [50/80] vs 5. 0% [2/40]; P<0. 05). The expression of FoxM1 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (rs =0. 252, P<0. 05) and clinical stage of NPC (rs = 0. 230, P<0. 05), and expression of COX-2 was also significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (r = 0. 287, P<0. 05) and clinical stage of NPC (r = 0. 239, P<0. 05). Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between FoxM1 and COX-2 expression (rs = 0. 631, P< 0. 05), indicating a direct or indirect interaction between them. Conclusion Increased expression of FoxM1 and COX-2 in NPC tissues might be associated with the development and progression of NPC.

Expression of E6 oncoprotein of HPV16, cyclin D1, and human telomerase transcriptase in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and its significance / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To evaluate the role of HPV16E6,cyclin D1 ,and human telomerase transcriptase (hTERT) in the development and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ) and to discuss the clinical significance. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of HPV16E6, cyclin D1, and hTERT in paraffin-embedded nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and nasopharyngeal chronic inflammation tissues. The relationship between their expression with the clinicopathological features of NPC was analyzed; the influence of their expression on prognoses of patients was also analyzed. Results: The positive rates of HPV16E6,cyclin D1 ,and hTERT in NPC tissues were 62. 5%(35/56) ,50. 0%(28/56) , and 67. 9%(38/56) ,respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the inflammation tissues (P0. 05). HPV16E6 expression was positively correlated with cyclin D1(r=0. 480,P<0. 001) and hTERT (r=0. 494,P<0. 001)in NPC tissues. The mean survival period and median survival period in HPV16E6,cyclin D1 and hTERT positive patients were lower than those in the negative ones (P<0. 05). Conclusion: High expression of HPV16E6,cyclin D1 ,and hTERT might be involved in the development and progression of NPC. HPV16E6 may interact with cyclin D1 and hTERT, contributing to the development of NPC. Examination of the three agents may help to predict the prognoses of NPC.

In vitro Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Effect of Hypericum perforatum L / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The anti-hepatitis B virus(HBV)effects and its mechanisms of the ethanol extracts of Hypericum perforatum L.(EHP)in vitro were explored.HepG2 2.2.15 cells,a stable HBV-producing cell line,were cultured as the model system to observe the anti-HBV effect.The viral antigens of cellular secretion,HBsAg and HBeAg,were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The quantity of HBV-DNA released in the supernatant was assayed by real-time PCR.In order to understand the mechanisms of the suppression of HBV replication,all HBV promoters(Cp,Xp,S1p,S2p and Fp)with luciferase reporter gene were transfected into HepG2 cells respectively.Then the activities of viral promoters were examined by luciferase reporter assay.It was found EHP effectively suppressed the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg from HepG2 2.2.15 cells in a dose-dependent manner,as well as the extracellular HBV DNA.And EHP could selectively inhibit the activity of HBV promoter Fp.Our data suggest that EHP exerts anti-HBV effects via inhibition of HBV transcription,which helps to elucidate the mechanism underlying the potential therapeutic value of EHP.

Review on Biosorption of Heavy Metal by Moulds / 微生物学通报

Heavy metal treatment in wastewater by biosorption using moulds was introduced. Different uptake capacities of several different moulds were reviewed. Some factors affecting biosorption were summarized. The mechanism of moulds adsorption and techniques of immobilization were also discussed. In addition, the development tendency of heavy metal treatment in wastewater by biosorption using moulds was envisioned.

Gene induction and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carci-noma cells SMMC-7721 exposed to 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Aberrant DNA methylation plays a key role in human carcinogenesis. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine inhibits DNA methylation and induces the expression of genes putatively silenced by promoter methylation in vitro. There are few studies of the biological and clinical significance of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine in human hepatocellular carcinoma. This study explored the mechanism of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine targeting transcriptional repressor complexes affecting global gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>High density oligonucleotide gene expression microarrays were used to examine the effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatments on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721. The 5' ends of the genes upregulated or downregulated in this manner were compared with BLAST database to determine whether they might have promoter CpG islands. Flow cytometry was used to detect stages of the cell cycle and apoptosis of SMMC-7721 after being treated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Data obtained 3 days after 4 days of treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine showed that more genes were induced in tumorigenic cells including genes that function in cell proliferation, differentiation, regulation of transcription, and cytokine signalling. Approximately 30% of induced genes did not have CpG islands within their 5' regions, suggesting that some genes activated by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine may not result from the direct inhibition of promoter methylation. This phenomenon may contribute to a number of upregulated genes involving regulation of transcription in the treated cell. Results showed that 100 micromol/L 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine blocked cell cycle at S/G2-M phase increasing rate of apoptosis. Notably, we found differential expression of molecular action in the methylation although DNA methyltransferases did not show significant difference in the treated cell line.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine could restore some silenced genes expression independently of DNA methylation inhibition and expression of DNA methyltransferases.</p>

Application of vascularized free tissue transplantation in emergency repair of traumatized limbs:report of 86 cases / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To report the outcome of emergency repair traumatized limbs by vascularized free tissue transplantation.Methods From April 1988 to August 2004,86 patients,58 men and 28 women,had undergone emergency vascularized free tissue transplantation to have their injured limbs repaired in 54 cases and the missing thumbs reconstructed in 32.The patients aged from 5 to 55 (mean 27.9) years. The transplants included latissimus dorsi myocutaneons flap,anterolateral femoral skin flap,medial crural skin flaps,dorsal pedal flaps,medial plantar flap,composite tissue mass of the discarded limbs and big toe skin- nail flap.The operations were performed 1 to 5 days after injuries.Results Postoperative vascular crises occurred in 8 cases and were all followed by exploration with successes in 5 cases while failure in 3.The total survival rate of the transplants was 96.5% (83/86).In this series all the patients were followed up for 1 to 16 years with a mean of 7.5 years only to reveal satisfying functional recovery in all the repaired limbs and an ex- cellent and good rate of 87.5% in the reconstructed thumbs.Conclusion Emergency vascularized free tis- sue transplantation is an effective way to repair a traumatized limb and to reconstruct a traumatically missing thumb.